Edmonton is located near the geographical center of the province of Alberta, at an altitude of 668 meters above sea level. The area around the city is generally flat to slightly wavy, covered with gorges and deep river valleys like the North Saskatchewan Rivers valley. Although the Rocky Mountains are only about 220 kilometers to the southwest, the mountains are too far away to be seen from the city's tallest buildings.

The North Saskatchewan River, which originates from the Columbia ice field in Jasper National Park, divides the city in a southwest northeast direction. It flows across the Saskatchewan River, Winnipegsee and the Nelson River into Hudson Bay. In the city area there are numerous streams that lead to the river, such as the Mill Creek or the Whitemud Creek, whose gorges are integrated into parks. Edmonton lies between the prairies to the south and the boreal coniferous forest to the north. The transitional zone, called aspen parkland, consists of sharks with spen and spruce that are interrupted by open grassland. However, in many places, agriculture, population and mineral extraction have reduced this biosphere.

parking

View over the North Saskatchewan River valley

Bachbett in Hawrelak Park, named after William Hawrelak, who was mayor of Mayfair Park from 1951-1959, 63-65, and 74-75

The Edmonton River Valley consists of the longest connected system of urban parks in North America, the River Valley Park System. The city has the largest area per capita of parks in all Canadian cities. The parks along the North Saskatchewan River are complemented by numerous parks in different districts. the total area is 111 km². Within the 74 km² and 48 km long river park system there are 11 lakes, 14 gorges and 22 individual parks. Five of these parks are named after the Famous Five.

Edmonton's parkland landscape has one of the world's largest concentrations of healthy American ulms, not affected by the extinction of ulcer that most of the trees of this type have fallen victim to in eastern North America. Banks pines, coastal pines, whitefish, bog, espen, red, lime, various poplar and willow, and ash orns are also common. Imported non-indigenous species include, among others, spruce, black horn, red oak, sugar horn, common horse chestnut and McIntosh apple tree. Three walnut species - butternut, Manchurian walnut and black nut - have been preserved in Edmonton.

Several golf courses, both public and private, are located in the river valley. Due to the location of the city in the high north, these can be played until the late evening hours. During the long winter season, the parks and golf courses are used for winter sports, especially cross-country skiing and ice skating. There are also four Alpine skiing areas in the valley of the river, two of which are located in the city and two just outside.

city

Overview maps showing the main roads and waters

Churchill Square, Downtown Edmonton

The downtown area consists of the commercial center, the Arts District, Rice Howard Way Pedestrian Mall, MacKay Avenue, Jasper West, the Warehouse District and the Grandin neighborhood.

Other neighborhoods, such as Oliver, Glenora, Westmount, Inglewood, Central McDougall, McCauley, Alberta Avenue or Norwood in the north, Windsor Park, Garneau, Old Strathcona, Bonnie Doon south of the river, are located around this city. Riverdale, Rossdale, Walterdale and Cloverdale, located in the valley of the river, resisted a partial eviction attempt in the 1970s.

climate

climate diagram

Edmonton is located in the transition area from cool to cold coniferous forest climate. As a result, the continental climate is relatively dry and varies widely between summer and winter. However, the winters are milder than in the southern towns of Regina and Winnipeg. The average temperature ranges from -11.7 °C in January to 17.5 °C in July. On average, temperatures rise above 30°C three times a year, while they fall below -20°C in 28 days. The highest temperature ever measured in Edmonton was 34.5 °C on 5 August 1998. The coldest temperature was -49.4 °C, measured on January 19 and 21, 1886. The year 2006 was particularly warm when temperatures rose to above 29°C during a total of 20 days between mid-May and early September. In general, summer lasts from late June to late August, winter from November to March. In winter, the weather is mostly freezing, but temperatures can rise between the freezing point when hot air flows in from the south. Spring and autumn are short and characterized by variable weather.

Edmonton's climate is relatively dry. On average, 476.9 mm of rainfall per year, of which 365.7 mm of rain and 123.5 cm of snow fall. Most rainfall is in late spring, summer and early autumn. The wetest (and hottest) month is July, while February, March, October, and November are the driest.

Thunderstorms occur frequently in the summer. Occasionally they are strong enough to cause hail, storms, funnel clouds, and tornadoes. But Edmonton tornadoes are much weaker and less permanent than those further south. Tornados of the F4 strength on the Fujita scale are extremely rare. The last was on 31 July 1987; It killed 27 people, destroyed 300 homes, and caused $330 million in damage. A particularly heavy thunderstorm, which occurs only about every 200 years in this strength, occurred on July 11, 2004. Within an hour, 100 mm of rain and hail per square meter fell.

The following table shows the average climate values from 1971 to 2000:

history

At the end of the Württemberg period the glacier masses withdrew to the north, a large, flat lake formed on the exposed land. This emptied around 12,000 years ago, after the moraine on the southern shore had eroded. The newly formed North Saskatchewan River took a path through the soft sediments of the former lake and also carried the layers below. Within 3000 years the deeply cut river valley was created.

The Bison, which is important for history until the late 19th century, is found in many places, Joe Fafard, steel.

About 9000 BC. in the south of Alberta, human traces can be detected indicating nomadic, mainly hunting-based cultures. They may have been bisons hunters, as found near Vilna, about 150 km northeast of Edmonton and on the James Pass. Findings in the Drayton Valley, 130 km southwest of Edmonton and in the Peace River region point to a different way of life. Apparently, these first inhabitants hunted small horses, among other things big game, using Clovis-type weapons. This group lived in the north of Alberta, e.g. at the Lakes family west of Banff.

Whether the hunting results of the Neolithic hunters led to the disappearance of mammoths and horses, or drastic climate change, is unclear. Grass landscapes and boreal forests spread further north and east in the following centuries. Now, in central Alberta, there was a group of hunters who didn't use the lace-like lace of the south. With the disappearance of megafauna, especially mammoth and mastodon, a specialization was applied to smaller but large herds, to caribons and bison, which they probably replaced up to 1,400 kilometers per year.

Between 7000 and 4000 B.C., when the climate was extremely dry in the south, bison herds moved northwards, followed by the human hunters. A technological innovation, the spear ejector (Atlatl), came in around 5000 BC. in use. This increased the reach of the hunters, but also their safety. Long-range areas or former trade are found at a blade found at the Gardiner Lake Narrows near Fort McMurray, which originated from a camp located 1600 km from the northwest. Until about 3500 BC. provided a dry, warm phase for the widest spread of the grassland at the expense of forests. No later than 3000 BC. stock houses. In these pit houses, you cooked bones in water using fertile stones, probably to make pemmikan.

About 2000 BC. started another intermediate cooling time with cooler, more humid winters. Larger buffalo herds have reappeared in the area. It is possible that groups from the south have displaced the so-called Oxbow people further north. About 1250 BC. to 500 n. c. The first ceremonial places that are called Medicine Wheels are available. They are partly sacred to this day. The Oxbow culture may have been followed by the Besant culture, which already has pottery and - by 200 n. c. - Arrow and bow.

Certain types of stone came as merchandise from Oregon and North Dakota, copper came from the Great Lakes region, and shellfish jewelry from the Pacific Ocean and even from the Gulf of Mexico. The culture of the fashion builders in Ohio, Dakota and on the upper Mississippi radiated to Central Alberta. The teeth of grizzly bears or chalzedon were established at the latest by 100 BC. from the comparatively dense populations in the south. This led hunters to search for it - a pattern in which the fur traders who later came from Europe easily joined.

Around 750, the ancestors of the Athabasken moved southward. A culture of its own, with a sophisticated pottery, was created in central and southern Alberta. Even at that time, Blackfoot and Cree can be distinguished from each other. Drifthunting techniques, used for several millennia, were abandoned between 1600 and 1700, when rifles appeared as hunting weapons and horses at the end of the 17th century.

Establishment and slow growth

It is widely believed that in 1754, Anthony Henday, an employee of the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), was the first European to reach the area. His discovery trips through the Canadian prairie were mainly intended to find fur trade routes and establish trade contacts with local people in order to pre-empt the main competitor, North West Company (NWC). Until the 1790s, traders and hunters operated from farther south forts and lived only seasonally on the North Saskatchewan River.

Fort Edmonton, paintings by Paul Kane, 1849-56

In 1795, HBC established Edmonton House at the mouth of the Sturgeon River in the North Saskatchewan River, near today's Fort Saskatchewan. She was named after the town of Edmonton, east of London, home to HBC Vice Governor Sir James Winter Lake. The HBC branch competed with the neighboring Fort Augustus of the NWC. In the first three decades of the 19th century, HBC relocated several times, bringing it closer to the site of the present city of Edmonton. The NWC moved in to watch the competition.

In 1801 the first transfer took place to the Rossdale area, which is now part of the center of Edmonton. Marie-Anne Gaboury, the grandmother of Louis Riel, was the first woman of European origin to settle here in 1807. From 1810 to 1812, both forts lay more than 100 kilometers northeast in Smoky Lake. However, this location did not prove economically viable, so the fort was rebuilt immediately adjacent to Rossdale on the north bank of the river. From 1815 to 1820, both societies fought in the so-called Pemmikan War, until they were eventually united under state coercion. The name Fort Augustus disappeared in favor of Fort Edmonton. After a flood, the fort in 1830 had to be moved one last time. It was built in the neighborhood on a slightly elevated plot.

George Simpson, the HBC governor responsible for the region, wanted to move the regional headquarters to Fort Assiniboine. However, John Rowand, the chief trading agent with local trade routes, was able to convince him that Fort Edmonton was better suited. For the next 50 years Fort Edmonton was the most important HBC site west of Fort Garry (today's Winnipeg). Over time, more and more dealers, craftsmen, and workers moved here. A small settlement was established around the fort, and from 1838 Catholic and Baptist missionaries settled there. In 1846-1847, the painter Paul Kane, who lived in Fort Edmonton for a few months, studied the Indian way of life. John Palliser traveled the area in 1857. His expedition report, which emphasized the good opportunities for agriculture, was supposed to lead to a new wave of immigration four decades later.

For the Indians, the recurrent epidemics of smallpox and flu were catastrophic. For years, the fur trade collapsed as the surviving Indians avoided contact. The Canadian government, which had taken over HBC's land in 1869, negotiated the Numbered Treaties from 1871 on, pushing the Indians into reserves. At the same time, mass killings of the buffalo herds deprived them of their livelihoods. In 1862, the Hospice St. Joseph, the first residential school in Alberta, was born at Lac La Biche. These schools served to assimilate the Indians, much like forcing adults to work in farming. The 1876 Indians Act provided the legal framework for this approach. The Numbered Treaties were of particular importance for the Edmonton area, notably No 6 (Fort Carlton 1876) and No 8 (Small Slave Lake 1899).

Matthew McCauley, First Mayor of Edmonton, 1892-95

The first census in 1881 counted 263 inhabitants. As the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) trans-continental railway line was built further south via Calgary, the recovery hoped for by traders and speculators was not realized for the time being, and the HBC parceled land around the Fort Edmonton. In 1891, Calgary and Edmonton Railway (later a subsidiary of the CPR) opened a runway from Calgary. The line ended in Strathcona, on the southern bank of the river, as the construction of a bridge over the North Saskatchewan River seemed too expensive. As a result, the settlement, which was connected to the station in Strathcona by ferry, grew rapidly. In 1892, Edmonton became an independent municipality and Matthew McCauley was elected first mayor.

The railways laid the foundations for increased immigration, as the settlers' products could now be marketed in the rest of Canada. In particular, the cattle breeding started in 1876, which used the same soil as the buffalo herds had grazed, formed the basis of the settlement. The country was divided into settlements by one square mile and 40,000 contracts were signed between 1901 and 1905, at the height of immigration. In 1911, the original inhabitants, the Indians, Métis, and Inuit, no longer represented five percent of the population.

Capital of Alberta

Herbert Charles Wilson, 1895-1896 Mayor of Edmonton, 1895

In 1902, the railways finally reached the northern shore after the Edmonton, Yukon and Pacific Railway had built the missing bridge. Edmonton had 8,350 inhabitants in 1904 and this year it gained the city rights. On September 1, 1905, the new province of Alberta, with Edmonton as capital, was formed from parts of the northwest territories. Edmonton and Calgary were influenced by the first provincial prime minister, Alexander Cameron Rutherford, and by Frank Oliver, founder of the newspaper Edmonton Bulletin.

Parliament building (left) and the empty Fort Edmonton (right) in 1914

Fort Edmonton, 1910

When Calgary & Edmonton Railway reached the southern shore of the North Saskatchewan River in 1891, a planned city was created that was to be South Edmonton. In 1899, the rapidly growing city was connected to Edmonton as the Town of Strathcona with more than a thousand inhabitants. However, the city continued to grow, especially after the introduction of the Klondike Gold Rush. In 1907 it had 3,500 inhabitants. However, when the Canadian Northern Railway and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway built stations and routes in Edmonton in 1905 and 1908, Edmonton quickly surpassed the neighbors. In 1908 Edmonton decided to set up a university in Strathcona. This is how Strathcona, which had become a separate municipality in 1899 and a city in 1906, started in 1908 with the University of Alberta. In 1912 Strathcona merged with Edmonton.

cover of Edmonton Daily Bulletin of 29 June 1915

Shortly before World War I, the housing boom came to an abrupt end. In two years, the population has fallen from 72,500 to 54,000. This was due to the recruitment of soldiers for the war in Europe and a devastating flood in 1915 that destroyed many industries along the river banks (which were subsequently not rebuilt). HBC closed its branch in 1891, and since then the unused fort was demolished in 1915.

After the end of the war, population growth started again slowly. Due to financial problems, not a single public building was created for years, and the volume of housing construction was very small. Blatchford Field Airport (now Edmonton City Center Airport) started operations in 1929. The service flights from here to the subarctic and arctic regions strengthened Edmonton's role as the "gateway to the north". The fast-growing air freight sector and the absence of major industrial plants have led to Edmonton being far less affected by the consequences of the global economic crisis than the surrounding rural areas. This has been severely affected by extremely dry years (see Dust Bowl) and plagues of shorthand horror. It took a land flight to the few cities like Edmonton, which in turn drove down wages there.

Unlike World War I, Edmonton's population increased significantly during World War II, as the army, and especially the air force, built large bases, creating many jobs. Edmonton was also the starting point for the construction of the Alaska Highway and a pipeline to the oil fields of Norman Wells on the Mackenzie River. During the war years, many US soldiers were stationed here, which at times represented 10% of the population.

Oil booms and oil crises

zoom in and display image information

 

Edmonton skyline

On 13 April 1947 the first major oil finds in Alberta were made at the town of Leduc, about 30 kilometers south of Edmonton. Although oil deposits were first discovered in the south of the province in 1914, production there was relatively low. Further discoveries followed in the late 1940s and in the early 1950s 50km north of Edmonton in Redwater. Prime Minister Ernest Manning's provincial government now had multiple tax revenues, owing to royalties for mineral-resource extraction, and invested them in infrastructure projects.

The Telus Plaza was the highest building in the city from 1971 to 1983

In the mid-1950's, the construction of pipelines and petrochemical plants began an economic boom, which led to a rapid increase in the population. Alberta's industry already employed more people than all agriculture in 1954 and generated more turnover and profit. In a few years Edmonton transformed itself from a quiet administrative and university town into a metropolis. Since there was no central planning authority, the unrestrained and barely controlled construction of houses quickly led to the settlement of the surrounding area. From 1963, Edmonton International Airport discharged the existing airport. Growth began to weaken in the late 1960's, as maximum oil-field production capacity was reached.

The oil crises of 1973 and 1979-80 caused the price of oil to rise several times. This made the costly exploitation of the Athabasca oil sands in the northeast of the province profitable, and Edmonton experienced a second boom phase. A number of new infrastructure buildings were built, such as the Edmonton Light Rail Transit metro or the Commonwealth Stadium, where the Commonwealth Games took place in 1978, the province's first major international sporting event. Several skyscrapers with heights of more than 100 meters were built in the city center.

The boom came to a precipitous end in 1981, when oil prices fell rapidly and the housing bubble burst. It was not only the oil sector that was affected by the subsequent severe recession; agriculture in the surrounding region has also been hit by a severe crisis due to falling wheat prices. In addition, the unemployment rate increased several times and several banks went bankrupt. In 1981, the West Edmonton Mall was opened, a boom-phase project and then the largest shopping center in the world. The early 1990's were also marked by a recession, with population stagnating. As oil prices rose, the economy began to recover from 1996 onwards, and at the end of the twentieth century a new boom period began, which continues to this day. This has been helped by an increased diversification of economic activities. In particular, the high-tech sector increased, making the city less dependent on the oil market. The plan and construction of several new skyscrapers are a further sign of the continuing economic recovery.

demography

According to the 10 May 2011 census, 812,201 people lived in Edmonton, and the population of the entire agglomeration (census metropolitan area) was 1,159,869. On 1 April 2012, a census carried out by the city authorities resulted in 817,498 inhabitants. In the five years between 2006 and 2011, Edmonton's population grew by 11.2%, agglomeration's by 12.1%, and province's by 10.8%. The population density of the city was 1186.8 inhabitants/km², compared to 5.7 inhabitants/km² for the whole of Alberta.

In mid-2006, Edmonton's retirement age (65 or over) was 11.9%, 1.6% below the national average. The average age was 35.3 years (Canada 37.6 years). People of European descent were by far the largest population, with English, Scots, Germans, Irish, Ukrainians, and French predominating. 5.3% of the population are classified as indigenous (First Nations, Métis, Inuit), the remaining 22.9% are classified as "visible minorities" (small minority groups, see table on the right).

population

The following table shows the development of population numbers according to the results of the census.

Fort Edmonton

parliament building

In the southwest of the city is the Fort Edmonton Park, a replica of a fort of Hudson's Bay Company and Edmonton's main road dating back to 1885. To the west is West Edmonton Mall, one of the largest shopping centers in the world. The Jasper Avenue is the main street in downtown Edmonton. A smaller center is the Whyte Avenue in the Strathcona district with historic buildings, small shops and pubs and restaurants, mostly frequented by students. The Alberta Railway Museum is located near Edmonton.

architecture

Bell Tower

Bridges over the North Saskatchewan River

Many high-rise buildings characterize the city, such as the Bell Tower. The highest building in the city is the 149 meter high Epcor Tower, which was completed in 2011. Along the North Saskatchewan River there are many hotels and conference centers, as well as extensive parks and park-like facilities.

Mary Queen of Martyrs Church of 1903

Ukrainian Catholic Cathedral, 1939, Prairie cathedral style, cross-shaped plan, seven domes

Holy Heart Church

Many church buildings are often hidden between the streets and towers. Especially Old Strathcona is considered a historical quarter where closed ensembles of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century are found. The older churches were built in neo-gothic style or incorporated into French church structures. The latter are mostly Catholic churches. But other Christian groups, such as the Ukrainian Orthodox and the Ukrainian Catholic Church, are also visible in the townscape.

Sikhtempel Nanaksar Gurdwara

Ethnic minorities are often found in the city. The Sikhs built an impressive temple with the Nanaksar Gurdwara on the 1410 Horsehills Road NW.

museums and galleries

Edmonton offers more than 60 museums, galleries and permanent exhibitions. The oldest museum is the chapel of Father Albert Lacombe, a Catholic missionary who was established in 1861, mainly by the Métis who speak French, but also by Blackfoot and Cree, in St. Vital Avenue in the northwest of the city. Two Fort museums, the Fort Edmonton Park with reconstructions and the Fort Saskatchewan Museum, await with little more recent artifacts, as well as a military museum, the Loyal Edmonton Regiment Military Museum and museums on the so-called pioneer history, such as the Stony Plain & Parkland ioneer Museum Society (west of Edmonton) and the Strathcona Heritage Museum. Ukrainian culture mediates the Ukrainian Canadian Archives & Museum of Alberta and the Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village. There is also an aeronautical museum, the Alberta Aviation Museum, two railway museums (Alberta Railway Museum and Archives and the C & E Railway Museum), a museum on oil history (Canadian Petroleum Discovery Center) north of Edmonton, a paleontological museum at the university, and a school museum, an agricultural and technical museum and other exhibition sites.

The most important museum in the city, however, is the Royal Alberta Museum, which will be completely rebuilt by 2011 for over $200 million. In addition to its natural history, it focuses on the history of the First Nations in Alberta and on the history of European immigration.

Art Gallery of Alberta

One of the most important galleries is the Art Gallery of Alberta, the former Edmonton Art Gallery of 1968. This was back to the Edmonton Museum of Arts of 1924. Built in 1968 in brutality and named after the architect Don Bittorf Bittorf Building, the house was converted for 88 million dollars. The architect was the Californian Randall Stout. The building, which integrated parts of the Bittorf building, was reopened on 31 January 2010 with a four-month exhibition about Francisco Goya.

The art of the First Nations is committed to the Bearclaw Gallery, founded in 1975 by Agnes Bugera, where internationally successful artists such as Norval Morrisseau exhibited. It is located in the Gallery Walk Area, which is located west of downtown around the 124th century. Street galleries are bale and more than 300 artists work. It began to develop around 1981. Since 1953 Latitude 53 has been active, an association of artists committed to contemporary culture, the Contemporary Visual Culture.

festivals, theater, music

Edmonton hosts several festivals every year (hence the nickname "The Festival City"). The Works Art & Design Festival from the end of June to the beginning of July presents works and designs by Canadian and international artists. The Edmonton International Street Performer's Festival in mid-July is an important street artist festival with performances by artists from all over the world. The most important event in summer is K Days (formerly Klondike Days). It was originally a fair that addressed issues related to the Clondike Gold Rush. Chuckwagon races, rides, concerts, trade fairs and fireworks are on offer. In November, together with an agricultural exhibition, the Canadian Finals Rodeo will take place, one of the most important Rodeos in North America.

The Edmonton International Fringe Festival is the second largest theater festival in the world after the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in mid-August. The Edmonton Folk Music Festival will also be held in August. The Edmonton Heritage Festival shows the culture of the various immigrant populations. Other important events include the Free Will Shakespeare Festival (Shakespeare performances), the Duanwu Festival (Dragonbootfest) and the Edmonton International Film Festival.

economy

National Institute for Nanotechnology

Edmonton City Hall at Churchill Square.

West Edmonton Mall

cement factory

Edmonton is the economic center of North and Central Alberta and an important center of the oil and gas industry. Suppliers, service companies and research institutions complement the production division. Because of the concentration of petrochemical companies, the city has been called the Oil Capital of Canada since the 1940s. With the Athabasca oil sands north-east of the city, Canada has the world's second largest oil reserves after Saudi Arabia (around 15%).

But the urban economy is significantly less dependent on oil and gas than it was a few decades ago, and in fact it is one of the most diversified in the entire country. The high-tech sector has a large share of this with major companies such as IBM, Telus, Intuit Canada, BioWare, General Electric and Stantec. In addition, major educational and research institutions such as the National Institute for Nanotechnology at the University of Alberta site.

In the 1970's, Edmonton's rise to a major center of the financial services industry began. Today, several companies have their headquarters, including Canadian Western Bank, ATB Financial and Servus Credit Union (formerly Capital City Savings). In addition, there are branches of other financial institutions operating in Canada. West Edmonton Mall is well known beyond Canada, which for more than 20 years has been the largest shopping center in the world and is still the largest shopping center in North America. Galaxyland, the world's largest indoor amusement park, is integrated into the mall. Aurora Cannabis is also based in Edmonton.

The FDi magazine of the Financial Times described Edmonton's economic potential as the best of all North American cities. In a 2007 study, Edmonton ranked first in the category of cities with a population of between 500,000 and 2 million, ahead of Mississauga, Charlotte, Tijuana, and Calgary.

Edmonton Light Rail Transit

Museum tram vehicle on the High Level Bridge Line

Refueling a C-5A galaxy at the Canadian Forces Base, established in 1955

traffic

The CANAMEX Corridor passes through Edmonton. This trade route was defined under the North American Free Trade Agreement and is used for transport between Canada, the United States and Mexico.

The city is an important starting point for transport connections to the north of Alberta and the north of Canada. Edmonton International Airport is the largest and most important airport in the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, south of the city, with scheduled flights to the USA, Mexico, Europe and the Caribbean.

The Canadian trans-continental long-distance train connects Edmonton to the Canadian long-distance passenger rail network, providing direct rail connections to Jasper-Vancouver and Saskatoon-Winnipeg-Toronto. The train station is located on the north side of the city center, near the now closed City Center Airport. The stretch over the High Level Bridge, the former main access to the city center, is currently out of service. The project is to build a fast-track to Calgary. To this end, the provincial government has purchased a land corridor and purchased land in the city center for a new railway station, which would lead to the reactivation of the line via the High Level Bridge. Rail freight is carried out through the Canadian National Railway, which has an important marshaling station in Edmonton.

The city's road network is mostly grid-shaped. The roads are mostly numbered; In the north-south direction they are called Streets, in the west-east direction they are called Avenues. In the area, which has been under construction since the 1950s, motorways and numerous main roads do not follow the grid system. The Yellowhead Highway from Alberta's east to west borders and the Alberta Highway 2 (also Queen Elizabeth II Highway) to Calgary are major routes. Greyhound Canada's long-distance buses connect Edmonton with many cities.

The Edmonton Transit System (ETS) is a local public transport company. ETS operates more than 150 bus lines, including seven lines with trolleybuses. With the exception of Fort Saskatchewan, where ETS also carries out bus transport, all lines end at the city border at the latest. Other agglomerations have their own transport facilities. In the north-south direction since 1978 there is a tramway, the Edmonton Light Rail Transit (12.9 km). Six stations in the city center are underground. Since 2009, LRT has been extended south, the first phase was commissioned in April 2009, and in April 2010 a further extension stage was opened to Century Park, which increases the overall length of the line to 20,3 km; 26,000 passengers a day are expected. In total, LRT will now carry 100,000 passengers per day. An extension of the city railway to the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology was opened in 2015. The opening of an additional line is currently scheduled for 2020 (2016).

The Edmonton Radial Railway Society operates museum trams in the Fort Edmonton Park in the summer and via the High Level Bridge.

education

University, Arts Building and Convocation Hall

Public Library in Strathcona

Entry to the Old Scona Academic Senior High School in Old Strathcona, usually Old Scona called.

Entry to Grant MacEwan University

Edmonton is home to the University of Alberta, founded in 1908. In addition, Grant MacEwan University, the Concordia University College of Alberta, King’s University College and other educational institutions such as St. Stephen’s Theological College and Guru Digital Arts College are also included.

As Strathcona Collegiate Institute, the Old Scona Academic Senior High School was founded in 1908 as one of the first colleges in Alberta. When the university was founded, many events took place in this college.

In addition to the university library there are libraries of colleges and museums, as well as public libraries. The public library of the city of Edmonton was awarded in 2014 by the magazine Library Journal - the first Canadian library - the title of the year.

Edmonton high schools include the Strathcona high school.

The Alberta Interscience Association was founded in 2009.

In 1880, the first newspaper in Edmonton was the Alberta newspaper, Edmonton Bulletin, which was adopted by the Liberals and soon became the voice of the provincial prime minister, Frank Oliver. The paper was uncompetitive until 1903, when the Edmonton Journal was founded as a conservative newspaper. It was bought in 1912 by the Southam family in Ontario for half a million dollars. Other newspapers tried their luck, but they were mostly short-lived, like The Capital, which existed only from 1909 to 1915. In 1937, Alberta's newspapers were to be brought largely under government control under Prime Minister William Aberhard's Social Credit Party, including the conservative journal. But that attempt failed at the Supreme Court in March of the following year. The rivalry between the two local leaves, the bulletin and the journal existed until 1951, when the bulletin pleiteging. It was only in 1978 that the Edmonton Sun was again competing. In 1980, the journal was first printed in color.

The Edmonton Journal, led by John Imrie, also opened the first radio station in Edmonton with CJCA on May 1, 1922. The corresponding station was in 1921 at corner 101 and 100. Avenue on the Bellamy Hill.

Today, there are two major newspapers that are published and now belong to the same media group: The Edmonton Journal and The Edmonton Sun are the Metro and Vue Weekly weekly newspapers, as well as the Edmonton Examinier.

Edmonton has an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League, Edmonton Oilers, and a Canadian football team in the Canadian Football League, Edmonton Eskimos. Since the 2007/08 season, Edmonton has once again had a Junior Hockey League team with Edmonton Oil Kings from the Western Hockey League. The most famous football club in the city is the FC Edmonton, which plays in the North American Soccer League.

Edmonton Indy took place at Edmonton City Center Airport between 2005 and 2012.

Because of the many successes of the Oilers (Stanley Cup Champion 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1990) and the Eskimos (13 times Grey Cup Champion, 5 times in a row from 1978 to 1982), Edmony is called Also note the City of Champions.

The Commonwealth Stadium, which was established at the Commonwealth Games in 1978, is mainly used by Edmonton Eskimos, but also hosts many other major events, such as B. the 2001 World Athletics Championships. Many matches of the Canadian national soccer team are also held here.

• Canada Gatineau, Canada, since 1967
• China People's Republic of Harbin, People's Republic of China, since 1985
• United States Nashville, United States, since 1990
• Korea Sud Wonju, South Korea, since 1998
• Netherlands Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands, since 2013

1. ↑ ^{a b cd} 2011 Census Profile: Edomonton. Statcan.ca, accessed on 8. August 2012. 
2. ↑ Metropolitan Regions (Canada): Provinces and Territories & Metropolitan Regions - Population numbers, graphics and map. called on 1 18 September 2018. 
3. ↑ River Valley (Memento of 23 April 2007 in the Internet Archive) - Edmonton City Council
4. ↑ Uglans sp. (Butternut/Walnut) (Memento of 21 September 2007 in the Internet Archive) - Government of Alberta, Agriculture and Rural Development (2007)
5. ↑ ^{a b cd} Canadian Climate Norforme 1971-2001: Edmonton City Center Airport - National Climate Data and Information Archive, Environment Canada (2004)
6. ↑ Climate Date Almanac for January 19 (Memento of 29 July 2012 in the Internet Archive) - Environment Canada (2004)
7. ↑ Infofile Detail - Edmonton - Tornado (Memento of 24 June 2015 in the Internet Archive) at the Edmonton Public Library
8. ↑ Atlas of the Edmonton tornado and hailstorm: A decade of research - University of Alberta (1997)
9. ↑ Edmonton Extreme Precipitation Event July 11, 2004. Archived from the original on 30. March 2009; accessed on 11 March 2011 (latest available version of 30 March 2009 in the Internet Archive). 
10. ↑ Before the fur trade - Edmonton History
11. ↑ See Royal Alberta Museum: Archaeology: Research: James Pass, 2006 (Memento of 28 March 2009 on the Internet Archive) .
12. ↑ Daryl W. Fedje, James M. White, Michael C. Wilson, D. Erle Nelson, John S. Vogel and John R. Southon: Vermilion Lakes Site: Adaptations and Environments in the Canadian Rockies during the Latest Pleistocene and Early Holocene, in: American Antiquity 60/1 (1995) 81-108.
13. ↑ Daniel S. Amick, Regional Patterns of Folsom Mobility in the American Southwest, in: World Archaeology: Hunter-Gatherer Land Use, Hg. Peter Rowley-Conwy 23 (1996), p. 419.
14. ↑ See What is a Medicine Wheel? Contribution to the website of the Royal Alberta Museum (Memento des Originals of 9 April 2018 in the Internet Archive)   Info: The archive link has been used automatically and has not yet been verified. Please check the original and archive link according to instructions and remove this note.@1@2Template:Webachiv/IABot/royalalbertamuseum.ca Called on 8 April 2018
15. ↑ ^{a b cd} Fur trade hub 1795-1869 - Edmonton History
16. ↑ From this agreement in Alberta were the tribes of Alexander, Alexis Nakota Sioux, Beaver Lake Cree Nation, Cold Lake, Enoch Cree Nation, Ermineskin Tribe, Frog Lake, Heart Lake, Kehewin Cree Nation, Louis Bull, Montana, O'Chiese, Paul, Saddle Lake, Samson, child and Whitefish Lake.
17. ↑ Years of optimism and uncertainty 1869-1891 - Edmonton History
18. ↑ A brief history of Alberta's Railways - The Alberta Railway Museum. Called 8 April 2018
19. ↑ See Agriculture in Alberta: The History of Agriculture in Alberta, 2002 Referred to 8 April 2018
20. ↑ ^{a b} Railways, business, and politics 1891-1913 - Edmonton History
21. ↑ ^{a b} War and depression 1913-1939 - Edmonton History
22. ↑ ^{a b c} War and oil 1939-1972 - Edmonton History
23. ↑ For this phase of the commodity boom, see Post-Leduc Oil and Gas Exploration and Development (Memento of 28 September 2013 in the Internet Archive), a contribution from the University of Calgary, 1997.
24. ↑ ^{a b} Riding the roller coaster 1973-2004 - Edmonton History
25. ↑ ^{a b} 2006 Community Profiles: Edmonton. Statcan.ca, accessed on 8. August 2012. 
26. ↑ ^{a b} Municipal Census Results. edmonton.ca, accessed on 7. August 2012. 
27. ↑ City of Edmonton population, historical. (PDF) 60 kB) edmonton.ca, called on 8. August 2012. 
28. ↑ Father Lacombe Chapel recalled on 8 April 2018
29. ↑ Bearclaw Gallery
30. ↑ Gallery Walk Association of Edmonton (Memento, 20 August 2007, Internet Archive)
31. ↑ Tony Clarke, Bruce Campbell, Gordon Laxer: US oil addiction could make us sick (Memento of 22 June 2007 in the Internet Archive) - The Parkland Institute, 2006
32. ↑ Oil Sands Facts (Memento of 29 March 2008 in the Internet Archive), Alberta Energy, 2007
33. ↑ Greater Edmonton Economic Outlook 2007 (Memento des Originals of 22 February 2014 in the Internet Archive)   Info: The archive link has been used automatically and has not yet been verified. Please check the original and archive link according to instructions and remove this note.@1@2template:Webachiv/IABot/www.micralyne.com, Edmonton Economic Development Corporation, June 2007. Content no longer available online (as of 8 April 2018)
34. ↑ North American Cities of the Future - 2007 fDi magazine award (Memento on 24 May 2008 in the Internet Archive), Global Direct Investment Solutions, April 2007
35. ↑ Land purchased for rail terminal (Memento of 18 December 2007 in the Internet Archive), Calgary Herald, 18 April 2007
36. ↑ Edmonton South LRT Extension opens in: Railway Gazette, April 26, 2010.
37. ↑ Edmonton Radial Railway Society
38. ↑ The Strathcona Collegiate Institute, Alberta Register of Historic Places
39. ↑ Library Journal. 2014 Gale/LJ Library of the Year: Edmonton Public Library, Transformed by Teamwork. Called 10 February 2015.
40. ↑ Historical Information, in Edmonton Journal